Archives: September 2011

New Zealand Falls Victim to the Ratings Game

Published on: 09/30/2011
Categories: Current Events, Economics
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Editor’s Note: NZ is certainly not without problems, however, their situation remains several orders of magnitude better than America’s, yet the ratings don’t show it (save for Moody’s). There is almost no question that these agencies are acting on behalf of various banks as the gutting of the global economy continues. However, there will be no serious investigations. Instead, a slap on the hands for a few bum MBS ratings will absorb the public’s attention while the big crimes go unpunished.

On a side note, it is quite likely that NZ has annoyed the ‘masters of the economic universe’ by building savings and beginning to pay down its external debt. That is just not allowed in the Keynesian / Neo-Keynesian world and is to be punished. So take a nation that is paying off its debts and make it harder to do so. That is exactly what has taken place here.

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — New Zealand’s credit rating has been downgraded by two of the three major ratings agencies amid increased global concern over high debt burdens in developed nations.

Fitch and Standard & Poor’s on Friday downgraded New Zealand from an AA+ rating to AA.

In the past, New Zealand has enjoyed strong sovereign credit ratings due to relatively low levels of government borrowing that offset worries about the country’s high private debt. But the ratings agencies have become less sanguine after an earthquake and weak economic growth strained the government’s finances.

The agencies are taking a harder line on any form of debt in the wake of the global financial crisis. Countries such as Ireland, which was forced to bail out banks after the global recession, have demonstrated how private debt can easily become a problem for the government.

The downgrade weighed on the New Zealand dollar. It was trading late Friday at $0.7639, down from $0.77 the previous day. It was worth as much as $0.88 two months ago.

In its review, Fitch said New Zealand’s high level of external debt is “an outlier” among comparable developed nations, a situation which is likely to continue given that the current account deficit is projected to increase. A current account deficit typically shows that a country is spending more than it earns and relying on borrowing to make up the gap.

Standard & Poor’s cited increased spending by the government following February’s earthquake that killed 181 people and devastated the center of Christchurch, New Zealand’s second biggest city.

According to S&P, negative factors include the country’s high levels of household and agricultural debt, its reliance on commodities for income, and an aging population.

“Rising savings will be an important component for keeping the country’s current account deficit in check,” said S&P analyst Kyran Curry.

New Zealand has a poor track record of personal savings, something that recent governments have attempted to address with a voluntary retirement contribution scheme called KiwiSaver. The latest downgrade will likely increase pressure on the government to make the scheme compulsory.

New Zealand’s finance minister Bill English defended the country’s economic performance. In a statement, he said the government has been attempting to reduce foreign debt, which remains the country’s “biggest economic vulnerability.”

“New Zealand’s private savings have started to increase and as a result we have started to reduce our total external debt,” English said. “But it still remains high.”

International liabilities have decreased from 86 percent of GDP two years ago to 70 percent of GDP in the year ending June, according to English.

In its review, Fitch pointed to some positive features of the New Zealand economy, which it listed as moderate public debt, fiscal prudence, and strong public institutions.

New Zealand remains rated AAA by the third major rating agency, Moody’s.

EZ Crisis Solved – Again?

Published on: 09/29/2011
Categories: Current Events, Economics
Comments: 1 Comment

Editor’s Note: Even Reuters comments on the ‘script’ being followed in the European screenplay. The old mentality is firmly in place. Don’t fix problems – bail them out. Which guarantees that they’ll be back again before too long. What you need to understand is that the bailout can never be big enough in practical terms. The whole thing is a giant paradox.

BERLIN (Reuters) – Following a now-familiar script, Europe again averted disaster in its debt crisis when German deputies rallied behind Chancellor Angela Merkel to approve a stronger euro zone bailout fund on Thursday.

But bigger challenges lie ahead for the euro zone and markets are already demanding more far-reaching measures to prevent a crisis that began in Greece from spreading far beyond Europe and its banks.

The Bundestag (lower house) overwhelmingly approved new powers for the 440-billion-euro EFSF fund to make precautionary loans, help recapitalize banks and buy distressed countries’ bonds in the secondary market.

Despite a rebellion by 15 backbench Euroskeptics, Merkel won 315 votes from her own conservative-liberal coalition, enough to avoid the humiliation of having to rely on opposition Social Democrats and Greens to pass the plan.

“The result of the vote is a strong signal for Europe. The broad majority in parliament clearly shows that Germany is committed to the euro and to protecting our currency,” said Hermann Groehe, general secretary of her Christian Democratic party.

The measure was part of a July 21 agreement by euro zone leaders meant to solve the crisis by providing a second bailout for debt-stricken Greece, partly funded by private sector bondholders, and providing more firepower to prevent contagion engulfing bigger EU economies Spain and Italy.

But that deal failed to stop Italian and Spanish borrowing costs soaring, forcing the European Central Bank to intervene in August to buy their bonds, and may yet unravel in Greece, which has fallen behind again on its deficit reduction targets, pushing it closer to default.

“There is a growing realization, even among the more reticent, that the July 21 package is yesterday’s war, and we need to go further,” a senior EU official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

The euro and European shares ticked up and safe-haven German bonds fell after the closely-watched vote in Europe’s pivotal power, where public opposition to further bailouts is rife.

But analysts said financial markets and outside powers still want a more comprehensive response from European Union policymakers to the debt crisis.

U.S. President Barack Obama kept up a barrage of criticism of the EU’s crisis management, saying on Wednesday: “In Europe, we haven’t seen them deal with their financial system and banking system as effectively as they need to.”

EU officials are already working on ways of leveraging up the rescue fund, but kept those legally and politically fraught ideas under wraps ahead of the German vote to avoid antagonizing waverers in the Bundestag.

The European Commission welcomed German approval of the EFSF boost and said it was confident the ratification process would be complete throughout the 17-nation currency area by mid-October.

Elsewhere in Europe, there was a sense of relief. French Finance Minister Francois Baroin said the Bundestag vote “confirms German determination to preserve the financial stability of the euro zone.”

So far 11 states have backed the new powers. Of the rest, only Slovakia’s endorsement appears politically difficult.

PAIN IN SPAIN, ITALY

Despite the German vote, developments in Spain and Italy highlighted the stark challenges still facing the euro zone in coping with the sovereign debt crisis.

Spain’s ruling Socialists abruptly shelved plans to boost public coffers by selling part of the state lottery for up to 9 billion euros ($12 billion), in the face of tough market conditions, political opposition and banks’ funding concerns.

The backtracking, a day before bookbuilding was supposed to begin on the public offering of 30 percent of Loterias, was a blow a few weeks before a November 20 election, which opinion polls show the center-right People’s Party sweeping.

Banks involved in the sale, Santander and BBVA, saw the Loterias flotation as a direct rival to their efforts to bolster their capital by enticing Spaniards to withdraw deposits to invest in lottery shares.

Italy meanwhile had to pay the highest yield on a 10-year bond since the introduction of the euro in 1999 at an auction on Thursday, the first long-term sale since Standard & Poor’s cut the country’s sovereign credit rating.

Rome’s funding costs remain under pressure despite ECB bond-buying and a pick-up in risk appetite due to expectations of a stronger euro zone rescue fund. Analysts say the government’s tentative crisis response has harmed investor confidence.

Italy sold 7.86 billion euros of long-term bonds, moving closer to an overall issuance target of 430 billion euros for the year, but the 10-year yield rose to 5.86 percent at the auction, up from 5.22 percent a month ago.

“That’s eye-watering yield levels,” said David Schnautz, a rate strategist at Commerzbank.

Senior officials of the troika of European Commission, ECB and International Monetary Fund resumed talks in Athens aimed at checking that Greece has met the terms of its international bailout program after adopting new austerity measures.

The government will run out of money to pay salaries and pensions in October unless it receives the next 8 billion euro installment of emergency loans. It pushed an unpopular new property tax through parliament this week despite public anger.

Anti-austerity protesters blocked the entrances to several ministries before the start of the talks.

Around 200 finance ministry employees gathered in front of their ministry, shouting: “Take your bailout and leave.”

“The occupations are carried out today when the troika returns to our country and as we face new barbaric measures which were decided and are being decided for further wage reductions … new tax hikes and mass layoffs,” public sector ADEDY said in a statement.

Markets Soar on New Crisis Pledge

Published on: 09/26/2011
Categories: Current Events
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Editor’s Note: Haven’t we heard this at least a hundred time in nearly verbatim fashion? They don’t even have to write the stories anymore; just recycle the old ones and fill in the new prices.

(AP:NEW YORK) Treasury prices fell Monday after a pledge from European finance ministers to support that region’s weak economies calmed markets around the globe.

The price of the benchmark 10-year Treasury note fell 65.6 cents for every $100 invested. The yield on the note rose to 1.90 percent from 1.84 percent late Friday. Bond yields rise when their prices fall.

European officials pledged over the weekend to take bolder steps to fight Europe’s debt problems, which threaten to slow the global economy. Last week, indecision by European officials helped send the Dow Jones industrial average down 6 percent.

Jittery investors loaded up on U.S. government bonds, sending yields sharply lower. The yield on the 10-year note touched a record low of 1.71 percent last week.

The yield on the 30-year bond Monday rose to 2.99 percent from 2.90 percent late Friday. Its price fell $2.

The yield on the two-year Treasury rose to 0.23 from 0.22 percent. The three-month T-bill paid a yield of 0.04 percent, up from 0.01 percent Friday. Its discount wasn’t available.

Another CME Margin Hike

Editor’s Note – Take notice to the obvious propaganda at the end of the piece. The dollar is now the safe haven for investors. Gold is junk. The complete separation of the paper and physical metals markets is close at hand. The Fed’s job of covering up its inflationary activities is a total and acute failure. In the meantime, thank the CME for allowing you to get more ounces for your crashing paper currency.

NEW YORK (TheStreet) — The CME Group(CME_), operator of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, announced late Friday it’s increasing the margin requirements to trade gold, silver and copper.

CME said the initial requirement to trade 100-ounce gold futures is rising more than 21% to $11,475 from $9,450, while the maintenance margin is being boosted nearly 18% to $8,500 from $7,000. The changes are effective after Monday’s closing bell.

For the 5000-ounce silver futures, the initial requirement is being lifted by 15.6% to $24,975 from $21,600, and the maintenance margin will rise an identical percentage to $18,500 from $16,000.

Copper futures are getting similar treatment with the initial requirement going to $6,750 from $5,738, and the maintenance margin lifted to $5,000 from $4,250.

The CME last lifted requirement for trading gold futures in late August. Gold prices plunged on Friday on the recent strength in the U.S. dollar, which for now seems like the safe haven of choice for investors.

TWIST & Shout – Andy Sutton

The mainstream media is abuzz this morning, Wednesday September 21st, about the federal reserve, who is once again plotting to save the USEconomy from certain disaster. Really, haven’t we heard this many times before? If it was that easy, shouldn’t it have been done a few years ago when all the problems started? If that is the case, we’ve got little more than a bunch of incompetent bankers on our hands. That is bad enough. However, I think most people are starting to understand that it is much worse a problem than just plain vanilla incompetence. It is about collusion and corruption and I am being very generous in that assessment.

The Latest Ploy

The fed is expected to announce this week that it is going to reach back 50 years into its bag of tricks and pull out some manipulations that will save us. This latest cockamamie scheme is to shift its $1.7 Trillion in short term USBond holdings (monetized debt) to longer-term holdings in an effort to drive down the long end of the yield curve even further. Apparently, the current monetization efforts haven’t been good enough. They have been driving the long end down for three years now, either directly through direct rate intervention or by subsidies aimed at the end products resulting from those rates such as mortgages.

The obvious rationale is that driving down rates on debt will rescue the economy, since people will be able to take on even more debt to spend more money on more imported trinkets from China and elsewhere. Again, haven’t we heard this before? We still haven’t really felt the full impact from the last raft of malfeasance when the fed went on an overt $600 Billion bond-buying spree. For those who haven’t yet connected the dots, that is called monetization of debt. A very inflationary measure. The dollar has paid the price. Don’t be fooled by the ridiculous assertions that the dollar is ‘stronger’ because the dollar index has gone up. The only reason that has happened at all is because Europe is on the brink of total collapse and disintegration. There is no way anyone can conduct a sane examination of the dollar’s fundamentals and conclude there is anything that represents ‘strength’ at this point. At best it is status quo and the capitalization of another’s even more dire circumstances.

On the surface, all this might look very appealing. Lower interest rates across the board. Sure, there will be another wave of refinancing of mortgages. If you can qualify. If you’re not underwater. Maybe. The subsidies aimed at the housing market so far have been an absolute and total failure. That dog won’t hunt anymore. Game over for real estate for at least a decade. So as usual, we’re left to ask Cui bono? Who benefits. Well the bankers of course. The fed dropped short-term rates into the basement in 2008 and has held the hammer down. This punished savers around the country. All those baby boomers who are retired/retiring (maybe) are going to need income from their meager savings to make up for the rising prices that have resulted from the fed’s malfeasance and lack of stewardship of the dollar. They won’t get much in the way of income from traditional low-risk investment vehicles, that is for sure. The proverbial ‘riskless’ asset pays nothing after taxes. Nothing. And it isn’t riskless. Put it another way – would you be willing to give the USGovt a loan for 90 days? 180? 10 years? How about 30 years? At maybe 2.5% per annum? That is a foolish proposition on even the best of days. The savers get creamed again. Bernanke is so worried about the economy, but yet he’ll purposefully and deliberately undertake policies that will gut the one component of the economy that is capable of spurring growth – savers. And this is not the first time either. And he is not the first guy to do it. This has been a pattern for quite a long time now.

The All-Important Question – Cui Bono?

So who benefits again? The banks, obviously. The lower the yield curve, the higher the spread, the higher the profit margin. All actions done so far have been to protect and enrich the banks and their precious financial system – all at the expense of the economy and all done intentionally, in my opinion, with malice and aforethought. Just think back to TARP, TALF, TSLF, and the other multi-trillion dollar rescue packages. Think about the $500 billion (minimum) in swaps done between the fed and the ECB in 2008-09 that Bernanke was grilled on and claimed not to know the recipients thereof. Think about the latest harebrained stunt aimed at saving European banks. More unlimited dollar bailouts for foreign banks. More protection of the financial oligarchy. More inflation. Less purchasing power for the dollar. More pain for consumers. Less economic growth.

At the bottom of this issue is that the Keynesian way is still in full force, which guarantees that things will not get any better. Two of the biggest pillars of the Keynesian way are to punish savers because saving is a bad activity – all monies should be spent on consumption to maximize current ‘growth’. Never mind future growth; all actions are to be geared towards the short run. The second big pillar is deficit spending and debt accumulation at all levels of the economy. Again, forget about the long-term consequences. All focus is dedicated to the short run. That is the Keynesian way in a nutshell.

The Consequences

We’re already seeing firsthand the catastrophic failure of that policy pathway in Europe. It is an unmitigated disaster. We’ll reap the full whirlwind here in America before too long. Instead of focusing on debt reduction across the board, the central planners, our new economic politburo, are undertaking policies that will accelerate debt accumulation at all levels. Consumers are back on the credit card big time as unemployment remains high and people are forced to continue borrowing to make ends meet. They were in over their heads to begin with and now for many, there is no way out. The house is underwater. The job is gone. The unemployment check isn’t enough and it is going to run out soon anyway. These people end up running full speed to the bankers who are more than willing to accommodate with rates of usury that would make the mafia blush.

The ‘cuts’ that are forthcoming from our new unconstitutional ‘super congress’ will almost certainly be from social programs, not the sacred cows such as the Pentagon budget, bank bailout monies, or subsidies paid for keeping jobs out of America. The lobbyists have already guaranteed that. I’ll say it again – the American people are the only ones who don’t have someone lobbying for them to the members of that ill-conceived and very illegal group. It is terribly ironic that the one group who is going to bear the full burden of all of this does not even have one representative in the process. We know what Jefferson said about that. If we don’t, then shame on us for not knowing our history.

The bottom line is that our debt is already unpayable. Our bonds are junk. Our country is several orders of magnitude deeper into this mess than Greece. According to Laurence Kotlikoff, the net present value of our obligations relative to GDP is 14 times greater. Greece’s multiple is only 12. Yet we had people surprised when our debt rating was cut by one single notch. It was an affront to our perception of American superiority. That is gone, people. We’ve allowed it to be squandered – all for the satisfaction of short-run desires and an economic philosophy that was brought into the world in the worst possible manner: half improvised, half compromised. The policymakers of the day provided the compromise; Keynes was more than happy to provide the rest. In a way, he got off easy; his demise came long before that of a world that decided to throw away prudence in pursuit of his unattainable utopia.

Credit Stresses at Pre-Lehman Levels (AGAIN)

Editor’s Note: They certainly aren’t having much luck putting Humpty Dumpty together again over there in Europe. Our best educated guess says they won’t have much better luck here either.

Key indicators of credit stress have reached the danger levels seen before the Lehman Brothers failure three years ago, with Markit’s iTraxx Crossover index – or “fear gauge” – of corporate bonds surging 56 basis points to 857 on Thursday.

Societe Generale led a further rout of bank shares, crashing 9pc in Paris on concern that it might need recapitalisation to cope with losses on Italian and Spanish debt.

The yield spread between Italian 10-year bonds and Bunds reached a fresh record of 408 basis points before the European Central Bank (ECB) intervened in late trading. It is near the level at which LCH.Clearnet raises margin requirements, the trigger that forced Greece, Portugal and Ireland to request bail-outs.

Global investors appear shaken by the refusal of the US Federal Reserve to come to the rescue yet again with quantitative easing (QE3) even though it was never likely the bank would launch fresh stimulus with core inflation running near 2pc or in the face of protests from Capitol Hill.

The global flight from risk has hit Europe hardest. Peter Possing Andersen from Danske Bank said Europe’s authorities are running out of time. “The financial markets have lost faith in the current policies and the economy is on the verge of a recession. Radical action is needed to short-circuit the negative spiral,” he said.

“Segments of the financial markets are dysfunctional and access to credit is being shut down. European policymakers must take imminent and bold measures. Until this happens, the market will grind slowly but surely towards disaster. The current policy of austerity risks killing the already-fragile recovery and is making a bad situation worse in terms of debt dynamics,” he said.

Mr Andersen said Greece needs greater debt relief to break the “vicious circle”, while the ECB should step in with “unlimited” bond purchases from countries such as Italy that are essentially solvent.

Andrew Roberts, credit chief at RBS, said recent weeks’ grim economic data have rendered Europe’s “muddle through” policy unworkable, pushing weaker states towards the brink. The latest PMI data show that export orders for manufacturing tumbled to 44.8 in September, the lowest since mid-2009.

Ominously, the PMI data for China is flashing contraction warnings for the third month, dropping further than it did during the depths of the Great Contraction, suggesting the loan curbs are starting to bite.

“We are in a fresh cyclical downturn within a structural slump/depression. We need global co-ordinated monetary action and the ECB must cut rates by 50 points. It made a terrible mistake by raising rates in July,” Mr Roberts said.

The IMF has slashed its growth forecast for Italy to a stall speed of just 0.3pc in 2012, a level that risks havoc with debt dynamics. The country must raise €260bn by late next year. Each 100-point rise in borrowing costs increases the budget deficit by €2.5bn.

The IMF warned that emerging markets are nearing the buffers of credit growth and are losing their fiscal room for manoeuvre. It said China’s domestic loans have risen to 173pc of GDP, “well above” the safety level.

The IMF fears “significant” losses on $1.7 trillion of local government debt, raising the risk Beijing may need to rescue the system. “The consequences could be a substantial worsening of China’s public debt metrics and a narrower scope for future fiscal stimulus,” it said. China cannot safely respond to a second global shock by opening the floodgates of cheap credit again.

Professor Giuseppe Ragusa from Luiss Guido University in Rome said the ECB has the power to halt the eurozone’s escalating crisis by pledging to buy up €2 trillion of bonds. “They would not have to buy the debt. The promise would be enough,” he said.

Such bold action appears unlikely. The ECB has intervened hesitantly over the past six weeks, without the overwhelming force needed to convince markets that it will back-stop Italy’s €1.8 trillion debt – the world’s third largest.

The bank is constrained since the policy is vehemently opposed by the Bundesbank and by German president Christian Wulff, who has accused the ECB of breaching the EU treaty law.

David Owen from Jefferies Fixed Income said the Bundesbank increased its balance sheet by €50bn in August alone to help shore up the Eurosystem. It has lifted its liquidity provision eightfold to €421bn since the crisis began, almost as much as the ECB itself.

On Thursday IMF managing director Christine Lagarde said the ECB must continue to provide “solid, reliable” funding for euro-area banks and economies as parliaments in the region pass measures into law to fight the region’s debt crisis.

The ECB “plays and can play and I hope will continue to play a critical role,” she said.

There are clearly limits to how far this policy can be pushed without a treaty change. Otherwise it amounts to fiscal union by the back door. The task of purchasing bonds and recapitalising banks must fall to the EU’s bail-out fund, but it will not be ready until ratified by all national parliaments later this year. Europe faces a tense Autumn.

Stock Buybacks Increase for 8th Straight Quarter

Editor’s Note: This is one of the things buoying the US equity markets. Corporate indebtedness is at an all-time high, yet companies have plenty of money to buy back their own stock? Why not retire the debt instead? Answer – they are borrowing to buy back shares of stock. How sustainable is that?

(AP:BOSTON) America’s biggest corporations continue to spend more money on stock repurchases, with buybacks up 41 percent in the second quarter compared with a year ago.

Standard & Poor’s on Tuesday said stock repurchases by companies in the S&P 500 index totaled $109 billion in the April-June period. That’s up from nearly $78 billion in last year’s second quarter. Buybacks also rose compared with this year’s first quarter, when the total was nearly $90 billion.

Stock repurchases have now risen eight quarters in a row.

Information technology companies continue to be the most aggressive at buying back stock, accounting for more than one-fifth of all buybacks in the latest quarter. The company with the biggest buyback total in the second quarter was energy heavyweight Exxon Mobil Corp. with $5.5 billion.

IMF Sharply Downgrades USA/Europe Growth Forecast

Published on: 09/20/2011
Categories: Current Events, Economics
Comments: No Comments

Editor’s Note: Essentially what this means is that the IMF is admitting that outside of government spending, there will be zero or negative growth in output over the next two years. It also means the IMF gives very little credibility to any of the new ‘stimulus’ programs being proposed.

WASHINGTON (AP) — The world economy has entered a “dangerous new phase,” according to the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund. As a result, the international lending organization has sharply downgraded its economic outlook for the United States and Europe through the end of next year.

The IMF expects the U.S. economy to grow just 1.5 percent this year and 1.8 percent in 2012. That’s down from its June forecast of 2.5 percent in 2011 and 2.7 percent next year.

To achieve even that still-low level of growth, the U.S. economy would need to expand at a much faster rate in the second half of the year than its 0.7 percent annual pace in the first six months.

Most economists expect growth of between 1.5 percent and 2 percent in the final two quarters. Though an improvement, it wouldn’t be enough to lower the unemployment rate. The rate has been 9 percent or higher in all but two months since the recession officially ended more than two years ago.

“The global economy has entered a dangerous new phase,” said Olivier Blanchard, the IMF’s chief economist. “The recovery has weakened considerably. Strong policies are needed to improve the outlook and reduce the risks.”

The IMF has also lowered its outlook for the 17 countries that use the euro. It predicts 1.6 percent growth this year and 1.1 percent next year, down from its June projections of 2 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively.

The gloomier forecast for Europe is based on worries that euro nations won’t be able to contain their debt crisis and keep it from destabilizing the region.

“Markets have clearly become more skeptical about the ability of many countries to stabilize their public debt,” Blanchard said. “Fear of the unknown is high.”

Overall, the IMF predicts global growth of 4 percent for both years. Stronger growth in China, India, Brazil and other developing countries should offset weaker output in the United States and Europe.

Financial turmoil and slow growth are feeding on each other in both the United States and Europe, IMF officials say. Europe’s debt crisis is causing banks to reduce lending and hold onto cash. Sharp stock market drops in the United States over the summer have hurt consumer and business confidence and will likely reduce spending. That slows growth, which leads many investors to shift money out of stocks and into safer investments, such as Treasury bonds.

In Europe, slower growth will make it harder for stressed nations to get their debt under control.

U.S. and European policymakers must act more decisively to cut budget deficits, the IMF said.

European banks need to boost their capital buffers more quickly and beyond new minimum levels set to come into force in 2019, the IMF said.

European banks have seen their stocks slide sharply this summer on fears that their exposure to the government debt of shaky countries like Greece could result in big losses.

Having extra capital would bolster confidence in the banking sector and shield Europe’s economy from the impact of jitters in financial markets.

But the IMF’s demand clashes with the position of the European Union, which limits how much assistance member states can provide to their banks.

The U.S. economy faces longer-lasting problems that go beyond high gas prices and disruptions caused by the Japan crisis, the IMF said.

Employers are adding few jobs and giving out meager pay raises. Many homeowners owe more on their mortgages than their homes are worth. Banks are keeping credit tight.

All those trends are holding back consumer spending. Unemployment is likely to average 9 percent next year, the IMF’s report said, echoing a recent estimate by the Obama administration.

President Barack Obama’s proposal to cut taxes and spend more on infrastructure should provide much-needed short-term stimulus, the IMF said. But it needs to be paired with a longer-term plan to reduce the deficit over, the report said. The timing of the budget cuts is key, Blanchard said.

Budget cuts “cannot be too fast or it will kill growth,” Blanchard said in a statement. “It cannot be too slow or it will kill credibility.”

President Obama on Monday proposed more than $3 trillion of tax increases and spending cuts over 10 years. His proposal will be considered by a congressional panel charged with finding $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction this year.

Both Obama’s jobs proposal and the tax increases face stiff opposition from Republicans. They oppose any tax increases and have strongly criticized the president’s plans.

The 187-member nation fund conducts economic analysis and lends money to countries in financial distress. It will hold its annual meetings with the World Bank later this week in Washington.

Banks Try to Stave off Euro Crisis with ‘Unlimited’ Loans

Fears of a deepening of Europe‘s debt crisis have prompted the world’s leading central banks to pump US dollars into the financial system, in a co-ordinated action designed to boost market confidence.

The Bank of England joined the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Swiss National Bank and the Bank of Japan on Thursday to announce that they would flood money markets with dollars over the coming months.

The move, on the third anniversary of the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers, sent shares soaring in banks heavily exposed to debt default by Greece and the other struggling members of the 17-nation eurozone. The euro, which had been falling in recent days, rebounded, rising roughly 1% in European trading on Thursday.

Speaking in Washington, Christine Lagarde, the president of the International Monetary Fund, said: “They [the banks] are getting together and acting together. To me, that is the most important message.”

Lagarde warned that more action was needed.

“We have entered into a dangerous phase of the crisis,” she said. There is still a path to recovery, Lagarde said, but it is a “narrow” one.

Under the terms of the deal, banks will be able to bid for unlimited amounts of US dollars at fixed interest rates in three separate auctions. The first of these will be on 12 October.

Nick Parsons, head of strategy at National Australia Bank, said the decision to provide unlimited liquidity well into 2012 was a big show of support to the global banking system.

But he added: “If Greece were to default, an announcement that there would be unlimited liquidity available from central banks is one of the things you would want to have in place beforehand.”

The move comes as Europe’s finance ministers gather in Wroclaw, Poland, for a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council, known as Ecofin. US Treasury secretary Tim Geithner is set to address the meeting for the first time, and is expected to call for decisive action.

Putting further pressure on Europe’s finance ministers, the European Commission cut its growth forecast for the euro area for the rest of they year.

The commission predicted Europe would barely avoid a double-dip recession, and that growth would come to a “virtual standstill” towards the end of the year.

Gus Faucher, director of macroeconomics at Moody’s Analytics, said the move to pump dollars into the system would help in the short term, but all eyes were still on the meeting of European finance ministers.

“It’s not a cure; it’s a temporary palliative,” said Faucher. “The big question is: is this enough in the short term to get us to a longer term solution? There is a potential for a really huge financial crisis in Europe. Things are bad now, but they could get a lot worse.”

Hedge fund billionaire George Soros said the Euro crisis looked “more intractable” than the 2008 financial crisis. Writing in the New York Review of Books, Soros said it was “imperative to prepare for the possibility of default and defection from the eurozone in the case of Greece, Portugal, and perhaps Ireland.”

He said massive political changes were needed in Europe, including the establshment of a European Treasury, ” to forestall a possible financial meltdown and another Great Depression.”

In London, the FTSE 100 index closed up 110 points at 5337, over 2%. On Wall Street, the Dow Jones index gained even in the face of poor economic figures.

Bank of America to Cut 30,000 Jobs

Bank of America plans to cut 30,000 jobs as it re-focuses its business on international and corporate lending, it said in a company statement.

There’s been word that the jobs will be cut in the U.S., but there is not confirmation of that today. The announcement simply refers to “layoffs,” with no mention of whether it’s globally or not.

However Moynihan said that layoffs would affect those areas under review in Phase 1 of Project New BAC.

That means these units are getting chopped: the consumer and small business banking, credit card, home loans, global tech and operations, and support areas.

The layoff plans were anticipated last week, as people familiar with BofA said it would cut from 30,000 to over 40,000 employees.

It sounds like a lot and it is, but here’s a bit of context. CEO Brian Moynihan said on a conference call this morning that BofA acquired 200,000 people through 6 deals in the past 5 years.

Check out the layoffs about to hit other Wall Street banks >

The announcement:

Bank of America’s Project New BAC is key to the company’s strategy of focusing all of its resources on serving individuals, companies, and institutional investors.

The first result of New BAC was the recently announced management reorganization, removing a layer of management and streamlining the company by aligning its businesses with the customer groups.

This reorganization follows on work that started in January 2010. The company continues to sell non-core business units and assets that don’t support its strategy, thereby strengthening the balance sheet, and improving capital and liquidity.

Bank of America is nearing the end of the first phase of a comprehensive review of its consumer businesses and support functions. As the company implements the thousands of decisions from Project New BAC over time, it intends to become a more focused, leaner, and more efficient company, providing all of its customers and clients with the best financial services, generating strong revenues, carefully managing expenses and risks, and delivering long-term value for shareholders.

Bank of America’s goal is not a given number of job reductions, but rather implementation of New BAC decisions. As the decisions are implemented, employment levels in the areas under review during Phase I are expected to be reduced by approximately 30,000 jobs over the next few years. The company expects that attrition and the elimination of appropriate unfilled roles will be a significant part of the anticipated decrease in jobs.

Full implementation of approved ideas in Phase I is expected to lead to net expense reductions of $5 billion per year by 2014, on a baseline of $27 billion in annual expenses for the areas the company reviewed.

New BAC Phase II is scheduled to begin in October and continue through March 2012, and cover those businesses and operations that were not reviewed in Phase I.

 

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